Performance testing of incontinence pads primarily focuses on their core functions and safety. Key aspects include absorbency, water resistance (leakage prevention), breathability, and chemical safety.
Absorbency testing measures the product's ability and rate of liquid absorption within a specific timeframe, evaluating the efficiency of its core absorbent layer by simulating real-world usage conditions. For washable incontinence pads, standards require a certain level of absorbency even after multiple washes.
Rewetting testing assesses the dryness of the surface after absorption, preventing urine backflow onto the skin and causing discomfort. The amount of rewetting is measured using a standard pressurization method.
Water resistance or leak prevention testing evaluates the product's leak-proof capability under liquid load, using standard liquids and pressure tests to assess the integrity of the edge seals and the bottom layer material. For washable incontinence pads, standards require no leakage even after multiple washes.
Breathability testing determines the material's ability to allow air to pass through. Specialized equipment is used to measure the air permeability rate, ensuring the product keeps the skin dry during use.
Other important physical and durability tests include abrasion resistance, tear strength, and dimensional stability. Abrasion resistance testing simulates friction during use to assess the abrasion resistance of the material surface. Tear strength testing measures the material's resistance to tearing. Dimensional stability testing checks for dimensional changes after washing or use to ensure product fit and functional consistency.
Chemical safety testing analyzes the content of harmful substances in the material to ensure the product is non-toxic and meets safety standards. Key items include formaldehyde content, pH value, decomposable carcinogenic aromatic amine dyes, phthalates, and heavy metal content. Microbiological limit testing checks the presence and quantity of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in the product to assess hygiene and safety. Skin irritation testing assesses the reaction of the material after contact with skin to ensure no allergic reactions or irritation.
The testing of diaper pads follows a series of national and international standards. Chinese standards mainly include GB/T 28004-2021, GB 15979-2002, GB 18401 "National Basic Safety Technical Specifications for Textile Products," and GB 31701 "Safety Technical Specifications for Infant and Child Textile Products." International standards such as ASTM F3350-2019 and ISO 9073-6:2000 are used.
Testing is typically conducted using specialized instruments, such as absorbance testers, air permeability testers, electronic universal testing machines, and chemical analyzers. Third-party testing reports can be used in product development, quality verification, marketing, and bidding processes.